civil aircraft parts

Civil Aircraft Parts - The product line of the aerospace industry is necessarily broad because its main products – airplanes – require millions of individual parts. In addition, many support systems are required to operate and maintain vehicles. In terms of sales, military aircraft have the largest market share, followed by space programs and civil aviation, with rockets still in the minority. The industry's customers range from private individuals to large corporations and commercial airlines, telecommunications companies, the military and other government agencies.

Due to greater financial and technical demands, the number of manufacturers in the industry further decreased, while the average size of airlines grew through acquisitions or mergers. In 2000, the world's largest aerospace companies (ranked by total revenue) were Boeing, Lockheed Martin, EADS, United Technologies, Honeywell, Raytheon, Textron, and BAE Systems. Major Russian manufacturers include Ilyushin and Tupolev for civilian aircraft, MiG and Sukhoi for military aircraft, and Energia for space launch vehicles.

Civil Aircraft Parts

Civil aircraft manufacturers fall into two categories: general aviation manufacturers and heavy aircraft manufacturers. General aviation is defined as all aviation activities not related to the military, large aircraft or cargo flying. It includes light aircraft and helicopters used for private flying, passenger transport, corporate travel and short-haul commercial transport, such as air taxis and passenger aircraft, with a low take-off weight. This also includes specialized aircraft such as agricultural sprayers, hovercraft, airplanes, helicopters, air ambulances, fire control aircraft, patrol aircraft and various others for public use. The heavy aircraft category includes commercial transport and cargo aircraft.

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By far the world's largest market for general aviation aircraft is the United States, with approximately 190,000 such aircraft in use in the late 1990s (more than 70 percent of the single-piston engine type). Annually, these airlines account for more than 27 million flight hours (almost double the flight hours of US airlines) and 145 million passengers. Private jets used for personal transport, sports or training represent a market that is largely driven by economics. In the United States, the cost of a new aircraft—for example, a more powerful avionics or a glider—can be as low as an inexpensive car.

In 1978, more than 100 American companies produced approximately 17,800 piston and turboprop aircraft engines for general aviation. Due to statutory interpretation of US product liability laws. in an important case of that year, the manufacturers were exposed to the risk of the law and problems caused by the pilot and problems caused by the weather and regardless of the repair or maintenance of the aircraft. As a result, the industry experienced a major decline. At its worst in 1993, only 960 aircraft were sold, and few active manufacturers remained in the US.

Another response to this situation was the establishment of aircraft manufacturing companies that only required pilot certificates and whose responsibility could be given to whoever built the aircraft or glider. In 1994, the U.S. The General Aviation Revitalization Act established the liability of general aviation manufacturers for 18 years after the product was put into service. As a result, Cessna (a subsidiary of Textron since 1992), which had ceased production of piston-engine aircraft in 1986, relaunched its lines of four-seat monoplanes, which had been popular in the 1950s, into the 1960s and 1970s . Meanwhile, the general aviation industry outside the United States was using limited American supplies. Operating companies include Pilatus in Switzerland, Robin in France, Let and Zlín in the Czech Republic, Grob in Germany, Hagfors in Sweden, PZL Mielec in Poland and Diamond in Canada.

Leading companies in the aviation market include the Canadian company Bombardier; American companies Gulfstream (part of General Dynamics), Raytheon and Cessna (

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Textron Inc.); and Dassault of France. In the late 1990s, the business jet market experienced unprecedented growth due to a combination of factors. New models combined with new technologies, a growing economy and fractional ownership (time sharing) have created a huge market demand. In 1996, Boeing entered the business of high-end business jets by forming the Boeing Business Jets (BBJ) joint venture with General Electric and providing a long-haul version of the 737-700 commercial airliner. The following year, Airbus announced plans to offer the Airbus Corporate Jet (ACJ) based on its A319 aircraft. This page shows the parts of the aircraft and their functions. Airplanes are transportation devices designed to transport people and cargo from one place to another. Aircraft come in different shapes and sizes depending on the aircraft's mission. The aircraft shown in this image is a turbine powered aircraft selected as a representative aircraft.

In order for a plane to fly, someone has to lift the weight of the plane itself, fuel, passengers and cargo. The wings produce most of the lift to keep the plane in the air. To create lift, the aircraft must be pushed by air. Air resists movement in the form of aerodynamic drag. Modern airplanes use wingtip fins to reduce drag. Wind turbines located under the wings provide the power to overcome drag and propel the aircraft forward through the air. Small low-speed aircraft use propellers instead of air engines in their propulsion system.

Small ailerons are placed on the tail of the aircraft to control and steer the aircraft. The tail usually consists of a fixed horizontal part, called the horizontal stabilizer, and a fixed vertical part, called the vertical stabilizer. The function of the stabilizer is to provide stability to the aircraft and keep it in straight flight. The vertical stabilizer prevents the nose of the aircraft from swaying from side to side, which is called yaw. The horizontal stabilizer prevents the nose from rising and falling, called pitch. (In the first airplane of the Wright brothers, the horizontal stabilizer was located in front of the wings. Such a shape is called duck after the French word "duck").

Behind the wings and stabilizers are small moving parts that are hinged to the carved parts. In this picture, these moving parts are colored brown. Changing the back of the wing will change the amount of energy the wing puts out. The ability to vary power gives us a way to control and steer the aircraft. The tilting part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder; serves to turn the tail left and right when viewed from the front of the torso. The swing area of ​​the horizontal stabilizer is called lift; used to turn the tail up and down. The hanging part of the wing is called the aileron; used to roll the wings from side to side. Most aircraft can be turned from side to side using spoilers. Spoilers are small plates that are used to disrupt the flow on the wing and change the amount of power by reducing lift when the spoiler is used.

Civil Aerospace And General Aviation

The wings have extra hinges, the rear parts closest to the body are called flaps. Flaps are positioned low during takeoff and landing to increase the amount of energy produced by the wing. In some aircraft, the leading edge of the wing also deviates. The slats are used during takeoff and landing to generate additional power. A spoiler is also used during landing to slow the aircraft down and against the flaps when the aircraft is on the ground. The next time you fly an airplane, notice the shape of the wing during takeoff and landing.

The fuselage, or body of the aircraft, holds all the parts together. Pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are transported in the rear of the hull. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry fuel on their wings.

As mentioned above, the planar configuration in the figure is chosen as an example only. Each aircraft can be configured differently for this aircraft. The Wright Brothers 1903 Flyer had pusher propellers and elevators in the front of the plane. Fighter jets typically have jet engines mounted inside the fuselage instead of pods mounted under the wings. Many fighters also combine the stabilizer and elevator in one place. Many aircraft configurations are possible, but each configuration must provide the four forces required for flight. However, they can be very complex and can include different types such as: "warbirds", former military aircraft for nostalgic reasons, from early trainers to heavy bombers; "homebuild," an aircraft built from scratch or from kits by the owner and ranging from a simple Piper Cub modification to a high-speed, efficient four-passenger transport; antiques and classics, old restored aircraft flying like warbirds for reasons of love and nostalgia; and flying aircraft designed to be highly maneuverable and perform air shows.

Business aircraft are used to generate income for their owners and include everything from small single-engine aircraft used for pilot training or transporting small packages over short distances to four-engine high-performance aircraft capable of circumnavigating continents and oceans. Business jets are used by businessmen, farmers, doctors, missionaries and many others. Their main goal is to use the time of senior management by getting them off the plane

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